Java Class Attributes

Java Class Attributes

In the previous chapter, we used the term "variable" for x in the example (as shown below).

In Java, variables declared inside a class are called "attributes".

You can also say that attributes are variables that belong to a class:

public class Main {
  int x = 5;
  int y = 3;
}

Note: Another name for attributes is fields.

Accessing Attributes

You can access attributes by creating an object of the class, and by using the dot syntax (.):

The following example will create an object of the Main class, with the name myObj. We use the x attribute on the object to print its value:

Example

public class Main {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj = new Main();
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}

Modify Attributes

You can also modify attribute values:

Example

public class Main {
  int x;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj = new Main();
    myObj.x = 40;
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}

Or override existing values:

Example

public class Main {
  int x = 10;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj = new Main();
    myObj.x = 25; // x is now 25
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}

If you don't want the ability to override existing values, declare the attribute as final:

Example

public class Main {
  final int x = 10;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj = new Main();
    myObj.x = 25; // will generate an error: cannot assign a value to a final variable
    System.out.println(myObj.x);
  }
}

Note: The final keyword is useful when you want a variable to always store the same value, like PI (3.14159...). The final keyword is called a "modifier". You will learn more about these in the Java Modifiers Chapter.

Multiple Objects

If you create multiple objects of one class, you can change the attribute values in one object, without affecting the attribute values in the other:

Example

public class Main {
  int x = 5;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj1 = new Main();  // Object 1
    Main myObj2 = new Main();  // Object 2
    myObj2.x = 25;
    System.out.println(myObj1.x);  // Outputs 5
    System.out.println(myObj2.x);  // Outputs 25
  }
}

Multiple Attributes

You can specify as many attributes as you want:

Example

public class Main {
  String fname = "John";
  String lname = "Doe";
  int age = 24;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main myObj = new Main();
    System.out.println("Name: " + myObj.fname + " " + myObj.lname);
    System.out.println("Age: " + myObj.age);
  }
}

Note: The next chapter will teach you how to create class methods and how to access them with objects.